Icelandic Sheepdog

Historical Origins

The Icelandic Sheepdog is the only dog breed native to Iceland, brought to the island by the Vikings during the settlement period between 874 and 930 AD. These resilient dogs were essential to the survival of the early settlers, serving as versatile farm dogs capable of herding sheep, cattle, and horses in the harsh, unpredictable Icelandic terrain. Their development was shaped by natural selection and the strict champion rules governing the importation of animals to the island, which effectively isolated the breed for centuries and preserved its primitive characteristics.

Breed Development and Preservation

Throughout the centuries, the breed faced significant challenges, including distemper and echinococcosis, which nearly led to its extinction in the late 19th century. Dedicated enthusiasts recognized the cultural and historical value of these dogs, leading to the formation of specialized official kennel clubs dedicated to the preservation of the breed's unique temperament and physical traits. The breed is characterized by its alert, friendly, and inquisitive nature, making it an excellent companion as well as a working dog. Their intelligence and eagerness to please have made them popular participants in various canine exhibition portals across Europe and North America, where they are judged against the strict FCI standard.

Functional Morphology

The Icelandic Sheepdog is a Nordic spitz-type dog, slightly below medium size, with prick ears and a curled tail. They possess a thick, weather-resistant double coat that comes in two varieties: short and long. Their movement is agile and efficient, reflecting their history as tireless workers on rugged terrain. Unlike many other herding breeds, they are known for their 'vocal' herding style, using their bark to move livestock rather than nipping. This trait, combined with their high trainability, has led to their inclusion in various obedience cynology schools where they excel in agility and rally trials. Their temperament is stable, confident, and devoid of aggression, making them ideal family dogs that thrive on human interaction and active lifestyles.

Physical Specifications

• Height: Ideal height for males is 46 cm; for females, 42 cm.
• Coat: Thick, water-repellent double coat; colors include various shades of tan, chocolate, grey, and black, always with white markings.
• Head: Wedge-shaped with a well-defined stop and a black or dark brown nose.
• Eyes: Medium-sized, almond-shaped, dark brown with black eye rims.
• Tail: High-set, curled over the back.

Temperament and Care

• Energy Level: High; requires daily mental and physical stimulation.
• Grooming: Moderate; requires regular brushing to manage shedding, especially during seasonal changes.
• Training: Highly intelligent and responsive to positive reinforcement.
• Naming Conventions: Owners often choose traditional Icelandic pedigree names to honor the breed's heritage.

• The Icelandic Sheepdog is known as the 'Lupine Dog' in some historical texts due to its spitz-like appearance.
• They are famous for their 'herding bark,' which is distinct and used to communicate with livestock.
• The breed was once on the verge of extinction in the 1950s before a concerted effort by breeders saved it.
• They are incredibly social and are often referred to as 'velcro dogs' because they love to be near their owners.
• Despite their small size, they are remarkably hardy and can withstand extreme weather conditions.