Russian Toy (Smooth-haired)

Historical Development

The Russian Toy, known in its homeland as the Russkiy Toy, is a breed with a fascinating history that reflects the socio-political shifts of 20th-century Russia. Originally, the breed was known as the Russian Toy Terrier, descending from the English Toy Terrier. By the beginning of the 20th century, these small dogs were highly popular among the Russian aristocracy. However, following the October Revolution, the breeding of these dogs nearly ceased, as they were viewed as symbols of the bourgeoisie. It was not until the 1950s that Russian breeders began to reconstruct the breed, largely in isolation from the rest of the world. This period of isolation led to the development of a distinct type, separate from the Western standards governed by international champion rules.

The Smooth-Haired Variety

The smooth-haired variety is the original type of the breed. Unlike the long-haired variety, which emerged later through selective breeding, the smooth-haired Russian Toy possesses a coat that is short, close-fitting, and shiny, without an undercoat. This physical trait highlights the breed's elegant, fine-boned structure. Throughout the mid-20th century, the breed was refined by dedicated enthusiasts who maintained strict records, often collaborating with local official kennel clubs to ensure the preservation of the breed's unique temperament and physical characteristics. The breed was officially recognized by the FCI in 2006, marking a significant milestone in its international acceptance.

Temperament and Utility

The Russian Toy is characterized by its lively, intelligent, and affectionate nature. Despite their diminutive size, they are not fragile, timid dogs. They possess a bold, terrier-like spirit, making them excellent companions for active owners. They are highly trainable and often excel in agility and obedience, provided that the training methods are positive and consistent. Many owners choose to enroll their dogs in specialized training cynology schools to harness their high energy and sharp intellect. Their alert nature also makes them surprisingly effective watchdogs, as they are quick to announce the arrival of visitors with a sharp, clear bark. As a judge, I look for a dog that displays confidence and a balanced temperament, avoiding the nervousness often associated with poorly bred toy dogs. The breed's adaptability to urban living, combined with its robust health, has contributed to its growing popularity across Europe and beyond.

Physical Specifications

• Height: 20 to 28 cm (tolerance of +/- 1 cm).
• Weight: Up to 3 kg.
• Coat: Short, close-fitting, shiny, without undercoat.
• Colors: Black and tan, brown and tan, blue and tan, or solid red of various shades.
• Movement: Free, easy, fast, and agile.

Judging Criteria

• Head: Small in proportion to the body, wedge-shaped.
• Eyes: Large, dark, rounded, set well apart.
• Ears: Large, thin, set high, carried erect.
• Tail: Sickle or sabre shaped, docked or undocked.
• Participation: The breed is a frequent competitor in international exhibition portals where structural soundness is paramount.
• Nomenclature: Breeders must be careful with naming conventions, as specific pedigree names are often protected by national kennel clubs.

• The Russian Toy was once known as the Moscow Toy Terrier.
• They were bred in isolation for decades, creating a unique genetic profile.
• Despite their small size, they have a very high prey drive.
• They are one of the smallest dog breeds in the world.
• The breed is known for its 'deer-like' elegance and graceful movement.