Saint Bernard (Short-haired)

Historical Origins and Development

The Saint Bernard, known historically as the 'Alpine Mastiff,' traces its origins to the hospice founded by Archdeacon Bernard de Menthon in the 11th century at the Great St. Bernard Pass. Originally kept by monks for guarding and later as rescue dogs, these powerful animals were bred for their ability to navigate deep snow and survive harsh Alpine conditions. The short-haired variety is the original working type, favored for its coat's ability to shed snow and resist freezing. As the breed gained international recognition, official kennel clubs began to formalize the breed standards to preserve the structural integrity of these mountain giants. The temperament of the Saint Bernard is defined by a calm, benevolent nature, though they possess a protective instinct that remains a hallmark of their character. When evaluating these dogs, FCI judges look for a balanced, muscular frame that reflects their historical utility as draft and rescue animals. The preservation of their specific pedigree names and historical lineage is a priority for breeders who seek to maintain the breed's functional health and temperament.

Anatomical Standards and Requirements

The Saint Bernard is a giant breed characterized by a massive head and a powerful, well-muscled body. The short-haired variety features a dense, smooth coat that lies flat against the body.

• Head: The skull is broad and slightly arched, with a well-defined stop and a short, powerful muzzle.
• Eyes: Medium-sized, dark brown, set moderately deep, with a friendly and intelligent expression.
• Movement: The gait should be harmonious, steady, and powerful, with good reach from the forequarters and strong drive from the hindquarters.
• Size: Minimum height for males is 70 cm, and for females 65 cm.
• Compliance: All breeding stock must adhere to strict exhibition standards to ensure the longevity of the breed.
• Training: Early socialization at reputable cynology schools is essential for managing the size and strength of the breed.
• Competition: Participation in dog shows allows for the objective assessment of structural soundness and adherence to the breed standard.

• The Saint Bernard is the national dog of Switzerland.
• The breed was originally known as the 'Barry Dog' after a famous rescue dog named Barry.
• Despite their size, they are known as 'gentle giants' and are excellent with children.
• They were historically used as draft dogs to pull small carts for local farmers.
• The short-haired variety is more common in working roles due to the ease of coat maintenance in deep snow.